避孕新手必知手册

　　问题

　　I’ve heard rumors that the hormones in the pill can affect the developing fetus? Is there any truth to this?

　　我听到许多关于避孕药会影响胎儿发育的传闻，这是真的吗?

　　答疑

　　There is little evidence to support the idea that the hormones in the pill have any adverse effects on the fetus. In fact, the majority of medical literature is largely reassuring about exposure to oral contraceptives in pregnancy. Studies indicate that the incidence of birth defects in babies born to women who took the pill during pregnancy are no higher than those who were not exposed to oral contraceptives. In the normal population, at least two percent of babies will be born with an important abnormality; however, the risk does not appear to increase with pill use during pregnancy.

　　无任何临床证据表明避孕药会对胎儿发育产生负面影响。相反，大量医学文献证实妊娠期服用避孕药是安全的。研究表明与未服药者相比，妊娠期服用避孕药妇女所生婴儿出现先天缺陷的几率并不增高。出生人口中，一般严重异常的出现几率为2%，然而妊娠期间服用避孕药，这个发生率并不因此增高。

　　http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=101&segment=new

　　Can I still take the pill when I am breastfeeding?

　　哺乳期间能服用避孕药吗?

　　答疑

　　This depends on the type of birth control pill you are taking. Breastfeeding is not advisable if you’re taking the combination oral contraceptive pill (COC), which contains both estrogen and progestin. The COC can reduce the volume of breast milk and change its quality. Additionally, some of the hormones in the COC may be transferred to the baby. There are no studies to show that the hormones in the pill would seriously harm the baby. If you’re taking the progestin-only or mini-pill, you may breastfeed. Studies have shown that the mini-pill does not have any effect on the quality or quantity of the breast milk, and little, if any, progestin is transferred to the infant via the breast milk. In fact, the mini-pill even provides a modest boost to milk production, and studies have shown that women using the mini-pill breastfeed longer and add supplementary feeding at a later time. The combination of lactation and the mini-pill is nearly 100 percent effective at preventing pregnancy.

　　这取决于服用避孕药的种类。哺乳期不适合服用复合型口服避孕药。因为它能减少乳汁分泌量及质量。此外，复合型口服避孕药中的某种激素可以通过乳汁进入胎儿体内。但无研究表明激素会严重损害胎儿。

　　如果你服用的是仅含孕激素的避孕药或微丸，可以母乳喂养。研究发现微丸对乳汁分泌量及质量无任何影响，而且孕激素几乎不通过乳汁分泌进入婴儿体内。实际上，微丸对乳汁分泌有轻微的促进作用。资料证实使用微丸的时间越长，添加辅食的时间越晚。哺乳期使用微丸避孕的有效率几乎为100%。

　　http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=102&segment=new

　　Will the hormones in the pill affect the baby while I'm breastfeeding?

39健康网(www.39.net)专稿，未经书面授权请勿转载。