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避孕新手必知手册

2010-01-22 16:15:0039健康网社区
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核心提示:你是避孕新手吗?你是否有很多避孕的问题不清楚?来吧,我们妈富隆有专业的解答团队

  哺乳期服用避孕药对婴儿有影响吗?

  Breastfeeding is not advisable if you’re taking the combination oral contraceptive pill (COC), which contains both estrogen and progestin. The COC can reduce the volume of breast milk and change its quality. Additionally, some of the hormones in the COC may be transferred to the baby. There are no studies to show that the hormones in the pill would seriously harm the baby.

  The progestin-only or mini-pill is considered to be the safest pill for use during lactation since very little progestin is excreted in the breast milk. The mini-pill can be started three days after delivery.

  哺乳期不适合服用复合型口服避孕药(包含雌孕激素)。因为它能减少乳汁分泌量及影响质量。此外,复合型口服避孕药中的某种激素可以通过乳汁进入胎儿体内。但无研究表明激素会严重损害胎儿。

  微丸被认为是哺乳期服用的最安全的避孕药,因为孕激素几乎不通过乳汁分泌进入婴儿体内。分娩3天后可以服用此药。

  http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=108&segment=new

  Is there anything I can do about breakthrough bleeding?

  出现突破性出血时我该怎么办呢?

  Breakthrough bleeding due to the pill is a minor side effect that is most likely to occur during the first three months as the body adapts to the hormones in the pill. This should resolve in a few cycles. If breakthrough bleeding does not resolve after the first three to four cycles of pill use, you should contact your healthcare provider. This may be an indication that you need a different kind of pill. Additionally, other causes for irregular bleeding should not be ruled out.

  由避孕药引起的突破性出血是一般的副作用,通常发生在服药的最初3个月适应过程中。几个周期后症状就会消失。如果3-4个周期后出血还未停止,需咨询医生,你可能需更换避孕药的种类。同时,不排除其他原因导致出血的可能性。

  http://www.mycontraceptive.com/question/segment_new/pill.asp

  Once I stop taking the pill, how long will I have to wait to consider becoming pregnant? Is there any such thing as getting pregnant too soon after stopping the pill?

  停药多久可以怀孕?停药后即怀孕是否过急了?

  For most women, the ability to become pregnant resumes almost immediately after stopping the pill. However, it’s a good idea to use a barrier method of birth control for two to three months until your natural cycle returns to normal. This makes it easier to calculate the beginning of a pregnancy. There is some suggestion that the pill may alter vitamin and mineral metabolism, and that waiting at least two months allows vitamin and mineral levels to normalize. Your healthcare provider may prescribe vitamin supplements, including folic acid. This is a supplement that all women should take even before they become pregnant since folic acid protects the fetus from developing neural tube defects.

  对大多数妇女而言,停药后马上就可恢复生育能力。但是,最好先用屏障避孕法,等待2-3个月,以恢复自然月经周期。这样方便计算预产期。

  避孕药可能改变维生素和矿物质代谢,至少等待2个月使其恢复正常水平。

  医生可能用维生素补充治疗,包括叶酸。所有的妇女孕前都应补充这些物质,因为叶酸可以预防神经管缺陷。

  Should I use another form of birth control when switching pills or other hormonal methods?

  There may be times when it is necessary to use a backup method of birth control when switching from one pill to another. If you’re taking the combination pill, that is, one that contains two hormones, estrogen and progestin, and you are switching pills, your doctor may advise you to finish your current brand and start your new pills on the same day as you normally would. In this case, you should not have to worry about using a backup method of birth control.

  If you抮e switching from a progestin-only or mini-pill, you will need to use a backup method of birth control, such as a condom, for the first month after starting your new pills.

  When switching to the vaginal ring from a combination pill, you may insert the ring within seven days after the last combined (estrogen and progestin) oral contraceptive tablet and no later than the day that a new cycle of pills would have been started. No backup method is needed.

  If you’re switching to the vaginal ring from a progestin-only method, such as the mini-pill, the hormonal implant, the contraceptive injection or a progestin-containing intrauterine device (IUD), you must use an additional method of contraception for the first seven days after insertion of the ring.

  You can obtain more information on switching hormonal methods of birth control by visiting the online resource I’ve recommended.

  Click here for the answer to your next question.

  What’s involved if I decide to switch from the pill or other hormonal method to one of the newer intrauterine devices (IUD)?

  我该如何从避孕药转向使用宫内节育器呢?

  The IUD is an effective contraceptive method from the first day of insertion. That is, from day one you are protected from unintended pregnancy. If you decide to switch from the pill or other hormonal method to an IUD, the insertion can be done anytime during your cycle, but preferably just after a menstrual period, whether you’re on the pill or not. Some medical authorities suggest using a condom for the first few days after insertion of an IUD to guard against potential pelvic infection after the insertion procedure.

  从置入宫内节育器的当天开始它就是有效的避孕措施,即可以发生无防护的性生活。可以在随时从避孕药或其他激素避孕措施改换使用宫内节育器,但无论是否服药避孕药,最好在月经刚结束时置入节育器。医学权威机构推荐在置入节育器的开始几天使用安全套,防止宫腔感染。

  I do a lot of business travel and pass through numerous different time zones. Should I adjust my pill-taking schedule in order for it to still be effective?

  我经常出差且穿过不同时区,那我需要调节服药时间以保证药效吗?

  Confusion over when to take the pill commonly occurs in air travelers who pass through different time zones and may jeopardize the pill’s effectiveness. For instance, if you’re flying west and you normally take your tablet at bedtime, you might delay taking your next pill for many hours or more than a day. While it may seem inconvenient, using a watch set to your regular home time may be useful for maintaining your pill-taking routine while abroad. If in doubt, or if you want to switch to a morning routine, take your pill earlier than usual.

  一般经常出差穿过不同时区的人会问,我应该何时服药呢?会影响药效吗?例如你习惯睡前服药,如果去西方,你将推迟推迟几个小时甚至一天以上服药。那么,你可以把手表调整至北京时间,这样可以使你在常规时间服药。如果有疑问或想将时间该在早晨,可以比常规时间提前一些服药。

  如果很难调整服药时间,你可以考虑使用长效避孕措施,如阴道环,它可以提供一个月的避孕作用。

  I am planning to take a vacation but don’t want to have my period while I’m away. Is there any way to delay or reschedule my period for a more convenient time?

  我计划渡假,但不想那时来月经。有办法推迟或把我的周期调整至合适的时间吗?

  Yes, but check with your healthcare provider first. If you desire to reschedule your period until the following month, you will likely be advised to finish your 21-day course of active or hormone-containing pills and immediately begin a new 21-day sequence of pills. This means that if your package of birth control pills contains 28 pills, you will take your pills for 21 days, discard the placebo or reminder pills, and begin a new pack of pills right away. Some pill formulas are now designed with a shortened pill-free interval (two days rather than seven). Mircette's Web site contains information on this type of pill.

  Some women are concerned that missing a period may be harmful; however, there is no evidence to suggest this is true. Healthcare providers routinely use this pill-taking strategy to treat problems related to the menstrual cycle, such as excessive bleeding, premenstrual syndrome and endometriosis.

  当然有办法了,但首先要咨询医生。如果想将月经调至下个月,可能会建议你服用完21片活性药片后,立即开始服用下一盒药,无停药期。如果你的避孕药是28片/盒,你只能服用前21片,丢弃剩余的7片安慰剂,继续服用下一盒药片。目前服用某些避孕药时,可以缩短停药期,即停药期可以短于7天,但绝对不能超过7天。

  一些妇女担心少一次周期会影响身体健康,然而这是无科学根据的。针对周期紊乱(出血过多。经前紧张综合症和内膜异位)医生会给出合适的服药方案,

  I am diabetic, can I still take the pill?

  If you have diabetes, you are already at risk for coronary artery disease and damage to your blood vessels. The estrogens contained in birth control pills may elevate blood sugar levels, which may in turn increase these risk factors.

  我是糖尿病患者,我还能继续服药吗?

  答疑

  In some cases, a low-dose estrogen pill may be prescribed. To be a candidate for this pill, you must be free of any diabetes-related complications. In addition, you must not smoke, have high blood pressure or be overweight. Your healthcare provider will be the one to determine if you are a good candidate. There are other effective contraceptive options, such as barrier methods, the intrauterine device (IUD) and the contraceptive implant, available to you. Both the IUD and contraceptive implant provide reliable, long-term contraception.

  有时医生会处方含低剂量雌激素的避孕药。服用这些避孕药时,必须没有任何与糖尿病相关的并发症。此外,必须不吸烟,无高血压或体重超重。医生会判断你是否适合服用此药。

  你也可以选择其他有效的避孕措施,如屏障避孕法,长效避孕工具如宫内节育器。

  I have a family history of blood clots. Should I take the pill?

  我有家族血栓(血液凝结)史,我能服用避孕药吗?

  The combined oral contraceptive pill (COC), that is, a pill containing two hormones, estrogen and progestin, is not recommended for women who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. This includes diseases of the heart and blood vessels, such as thrombosis or blood clots. One of the risk factors for thrombosis is a family history of this condition.

  However, if you have a close family member with unexplained thrombosis at an early age, this does not mean that you cannot take the progestin-only pill, also known as the POP or mini-pill. Since the mini-pill does not contain estrogen, it is considered a safe and effective alternative for women with a family history of blood clots. Other progestin-only methods that are suitable for women with cardiovascular risk factors are injectable contraception and the contraceptive implant.

  If you are pill user and do not have any history of blood clots, be sure to discuss any tenderness or pain in your legs or elsewhere with your healthcare provider during your regularly scheduled visits.

  复合口服避孕药包含雌、孕两种激素。有心血管高危因素的人不适宜服用此药,包括血栓和血液凝结。其中血栓的高危因素之一就是有家族史。然而,如果家族有血缘相近的成员早期有不明原因的血栓,这不代表你不适合仅含有孕激素的避孕药,如POP或含低剂量孕激素的药片,因为它不含有孕激素,对有血栓家族史的妇女来说,是安全有效的药物。其他仅含孕激素的注射型避孕药和宫内节育器,适合于有心血管高位因素的妇女。

  如果你服用避孕药且没有血栓病史,如果出现任何腿部或其他部位的不适或疼痛,请及时咨询医生。

  I am over 35 and smoke. I’ve heard that smoking and the pill don’t mix. Do I have to quit?

  我年龄超过35岁且吸烟。听说吸烟时不能服用避孕药,我需戒烟吗?

  Smoking is bad for you whether you take the pill or not; however, the pill makes the dangerous habit of smoking more dangerous. It is now known that smoking is a major risk factor for arterial disease in women who take the pill. While the risk of heart attack, stroke and blood clots is very low in young women, this begins to change after the age of 35. Healthcare providers recommend discontinuation of the pill at the age of 35 if you are a smoker. Over-the-counter medications, such as nicotine patches or gum, may also increase the risk for cardiovascular disease in those who smoke and take the pill. On a positive note, the newer third-generation oral contraceptive pills containing selective progestins tend to carry a lower risk of arterial disease than earlier varieties. But, it is still advisable to quit smoking if you抮e taking the pill or are thinking about starting.

  无论是服用避孕药,否吸烟都有害健康;然而,避孕药会加重吸烟的危害。已知吸烟是导致服用避孕药妇女出现动脉血管疾病最主要的危险因素。然而年轻妇女心脏病、中风和血栓的发生率低,但35岁以后这些危险的发生率就会增高。因此医生建议35岁以上的吸烟妇女停用避孕药。且服用避孕药的吸烟妇女,烟碱或口香糖同样可以增高心血管疾病的发生率。值得高兴的是,含有高选择性孕激素的第三代口服避孕药与早期的避孕药相比,心血管疾病的发生风险降低了。不过,无论打算开始服用还是已经服用避孕药,戒烟是明智的。

  http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=77&segment=new

  I am concerned that insertion methods of birth control such as the vaginal ring, diaphragm, sponge or a female condom may be difficult to handle. Are these methods difficult to master and are they effective?

  我担心置入法避孕如阴道环,阴道隔膜、阴道海面或女性避孕套很难操作。这些方法很难掌握吗?有效果吗?

  Barrier methods of birth control such as the diaphragm, the sponge or condom require some practice. In the beginning, there may indeed be times when inserting these devices will seem challenging, but practice makes perfect. To avoid frustration, I recommend that you practice inserting a contraceptive device prior to engaging in sexual activity. If you haven抰 mastered the insertion procedure after several attempts, you may want to make a follow-up visit with your healthcare provider. If you consider the diaphragm, sponge or female condom to be a nuisance, you might consider a long-term method of birth control such as the contraceptive implant. The implant consists of several rods that are inserted in a small incision under the skin of the inner upper arm to provide contraceptive protection for five years. However, some discomfort and irritation can be associated with this method.

  屏障避孕法如阴道隔膜、阴道海面或女性避孕套需要一些练习。开始时需要一些时间置入阴道,这可能是种挑战,但练习后就会好些。为避免失败,建议性生活前练习操作。如果你练习几次后掌握了置入方法,之后应咨询医生。如果觉得阴道隔膜、阴道海面或女性避孕套操作很麻烦,可以选择长效避孕措施,如皮下埋植,可有5年的药效。然而,可能会有不适或刺激反应。

  有种避孕方法,即避孕环,能提供舒适、方便持久的避孕作用。很容易将避孕环置入阴道,因为它不需植入在特定位置或固定在阴道。

  Another method that offers comfort, convenience and continuous protection against pregnancy is the vaginal ring. The ring is very easily inserted because it does not have to be placed in a specific position or location in the vagina.

  www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=93&segment=new

  I've had more than one sexual partner say that using condoms 'may reduce sensitivity'. Should I switch birth control methods?

  多个性伴侣说使用避孕套会降低敏感性,我应该更换避孕方法吗?

  When used with a spermicide, the condom can be an effective, though not entirely reliable, method of birth control. However, the condom-spermicide combination offers excellent protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). If you have more than one sexual partner, protection against STDs is very important and few other birth control methods offer this level of protection. Unfortunately, the condom may reduce sensitivity for the male partner during intercourse and can also interfere with the spontaneity of lovemaking. These problems may be remedied by opting for a more fuss-free type of birth control such as the pill or vaginal ring. The vaginal ring is a hormonal method of birth control that provides the same level of protection as the pill, but is inserted monthly。Remember, you should continue to use the condom combined with the pill, ring or other hormonal methods until you’re in a committed relationship

  采用带有杀精剂的避孕套避孕时,避孕效果尽管不是100%,但也是有效的避孕措施。当避孕套和杀精剂联合使用时,可以有效的防止性传播疾病。如果有多个性伴侣,防止性传播疾病是非常重要的,几乎没有其他方法能提供这么有效的防止性疾病传播作用。不幸的是,避孕套能降低男性性生活时的敏感性,而避孕药或阴道环可以消除这种作用.阴道环是激素类避孕措施,和避孕药一样使机体保持一定的激素水平,但需每月放置一次。切记,在有稳定的性伴侣前,需采用口服避孕药、阴道环或其他激素类避孕法配合使用避孕套。

  http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=24&segment=new

  Is it okay to use the same condom twice?

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