避孕新手必知手册

　　问题

　　I have been having unusual heavy bleeding for some time now. Should I consider taking the pill?

　　现在我有严重的不规则出血，我能服药吗?

　　专家答疑

　　Heavy or unusual bleeding can have a number of underlying causes and should always be assessed by a healthcare provider. In the absence of any medical problems that would prohibit its use, the pill is often prescribed for women who suffer from menorraghia, or heavy menstrual bleeding. Since the pill helps to regulate the menstrual cycle, many women whose periods are excessive or prolonged report lighter, shorter and less painful periods with pill use. If you have more questions concerning your menstrual cycle, I recommend speaking with your healthcare provider or visiting the Web sites I’ve recommended.

　　多种原因可以引起大量或不规则出血，应由医生查明出血的原因，如果没有医学问题的话，是不需要服此药的。这种避孕药适用于月经过多或经期大量出血的患者。避孕药能调节月经周期，因此服用后可以改善月经过多或经期过长的症状，缓解痛经。 如果还有其他关于月经周期的疑问，可以咨询医生或访问我推荐的网站。

　　http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=18&segment=new

　　问题

　　I am prone to acne. What kind of effect will the pill have on my skin?

　　我易长痤疮，避孕药对皮肤有什么益处呢?

　　专家答疑

　　With some pills, there can be an improvement in acne. It is thought that an excess of male hormones (androgens) in a woman’s body encourages the excess oil production that leads to acne. Most oral contraceptives, including the new low-dose pills, provide the beneficial side effect of minimalizing acne by balancing the hormones. For some acne sufferers, the pill may be the ideal alternative to antibiotics or acne medication such as Accutane, which is associated with birth defects.

　　避孕药可以改善痤疮。妇女体内过量的雄激素能使机体产生大量的油脂，引发痤疮。大多数的口服避孕药，包括新一代的低剂量避孕药，通过调节激素水平，使其副作用减到最小。对一些长痤疮的妇女来说，避孕药是理想的替代药物，可以替代抗生素或异维A酸等对生殖有害的痤疮治疗药物。

　　To learn more about the pill’s positive effect on acne, you might want to visit some the site I’ve recommended.

　　http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=26&segment=new

　　问题

　　How will the pill affect my periods and my physical and emotional well-being?

　　避孕药是如何调整我的周期及影响我的身心健康?

　　答疑

　　Every woman reacts differently to the oral contraceptive pill. If you’re using the pill for the first time, you may need time to adjust to the hormones. Some of the most common side effects experienced by first-time pill users include breakthrough bleeding, breast tenderness, weight gain, nausea, chloasma (brown spots on the face as a response in some women to the female hormone estrogen), headaches, fluid retention and, occasionally, mood changes. These signs are not hazardous to your health, and normally disappear after the first three months of pill use. Your healthcare provider may choose to start you on the monophasic pill. The hormones in the monophasic pill remain constant throughout the month, so it’s less likely to cause breakthrough bleeding.

　　Additionally, the pill may provide other benefits besides contraception for some women. Those who have heavy or prolonged periods may find their periods are lighter and shorter when they are taking the pill. Those who experience severe cramps with their periods may also notice that cramps improve or completely disappear.

　　Women who take the pill may also find that their sense of well-being improves since they are relieved of the worry over unintended pregnancy. Many couples prefer the pill because it allows for the kind of spontaneity that some other birth control methods do not provide.

　　Keep in mind that the pill does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). If you or your partner have other partners, you should use condoms in conjunction with the pill.

　　不同妇女对服用避孕药后的反应是不一样的。如果你初次服用此药，机体需要一段适应时间。一般最多的副作用包括突破性出血、乳房涨痛、轻微的体重增加、恶心、色斑、头疼、液体储留，偶尔会有情绪改变。这些副作用并不会影响你的健康，因为服用3个月后，一般症状都会消失。

　　医生可能会给你选择服用单相药片，可整个月服用，因此很少会出现突破性出血。

　　此外，服用避孕药，会给一些妇女带来非避孕益处：减少出血或缩短周期，痛经改善或完全消失。服药后，因为消除了怀孕的恐惧，提高了生活质量。这种避孕方式使性生活变得自然，这是其他方式不能做到的，因此受很多夫妇的欢迎。

　　记住避孕药并不防止性病的传播。如果有多个性伴侣，应联合使用避孕套。

　　http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=60&segment=new

　　问题

　　I've heard that certain cancers are associated with the pill. Is this true?

　　传说避孕药与某种癌症相关，这是真的吗?

　　答疑

　　There are many myths surrounding cancer and the pill. Keep in mind that the pill is probably the most researched drug on the market. The question of whether or not there’s an increased risk of breast cancer for pill users has been consistently disproved by numerous epidemiological studies. Additionally, extensive studies have shown that the pill may actually protect against certain cancers, most notably those of the endometrium, or uterine lining, and ovaries.

　　That being said, some studies have shown a small increased risk of breast cancer in certain sub-groups of women up to nine years after stopping the pill. However, there appears to be no increased risk in this select group of women beyond the nine or 10-year period after discontinuation.

　　有多种关于避孕药与癌症关系的说法。避孕药是市场上研究最彻底的药物。经过大量的流行病学研究证实，服药病不会增加服药者乳腺癌的发生率。此外，大量的研究表明避孕药可以抑制某种癌症的发生，最明显的就是能抑制内膜癌、宫颈癌和卵巢癌。有跟踪报道，停服9年后可能会轻微增加乳腺癌的危险。然而，9或10年后并不增加此危险。

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　　Will the hormones in the pill affect my ability to become pregnant later on?

　　避孕药能影响以后的怀孕能力吗?

　　答疑

　　You should know that recent studies show that fertility decreases naturally with age. The pill is considered to be one of the most reliable, reversible methods of birth control and pill use has not been shown to interfere with future fertility. The hormones in the pill, which are similar to those produced in the body, keep hormone levels in the blood above a certain level, thereby instructing the ovaries not to let any egg cells ripen. In other words, the ovaries are resting during the time you are taking the pill. Once the pill is discontinued, your natural hormonal cycle resumes and with it, your ability to become pregnant.

　　近期研究认为随着年龄增长生育能力下降。目前避孕药是公认的最安全、可逆的避孕措施，且不影响以后的生育能力。避孕药中的激素成分与自身产生的激素相同，

　　使血液中的激素水平保持在一定水平以上，抑制卵巢排出成熟卵泡。换言之，服药期间，卵巢处于抑制状态。一旦停服，机体恢复自然激素调控周期，可以妊娠。

　　http://www.mycontraceptive.com/answer.asp?display=69&segment=new

　　I’m not overweight, but I’m not pencil-thin either. Will the pill make me gain weight?

　　尽管我不苗条，但不超重。服药后体重会增加吗?

　　There are many myths and misconceptions surrounding weight change and the pill. Very few women actually experience significant weight gain in response to the pill. During the first year of use, the majority of women report little (i.e. less than five pounds), if any, increase in weight. Approximately one-quarter of women report weight gain greater than five pounds; however, as much as 20 percent of women actually report weight loss of more than two kilograms. Much of what is perceived as weight gain is actually fluid retention, which occurs in response to estrogen, one of the hormones in the pill. This fluid retention tends to be less noticeable during the pill-free week when no hormones are being taken. Today抯 lower dose pills contain state-of-the-art progestins, which are designed to prevent weight change. A sensible diet and adequate exercise will also help to keep weight at normal levels.

　　服用避孕药与体重之间的关系有很多误解。服用后，几乎没有体重明显增加的报道。在服药的第一年里，大多数妇女体重增加小于5磅，但是有20%妇女体重减轻2公斤以上。实际上，大多数自觉体重增加是由孕激素导致体液储留而引起的。停药期，体液储留不明显。目前的避孕药含有低剂量的孕激素，可防止体重变化。适当饮食及体育锻炼可以使体重控制在正常范围内。

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